The most typical (4) ____, it seems, involves the (5) ____ of easily transportable items - the television, the video, even food from the freezer. This may have something to do with the (6) ____ that the average burglar is in his (or her) late teens, and probably wouldn't know (7) ____ to do with a Picasso, whereas selling a Walkman or a vacuum cleaner is a much easier (8) ____. They are perhaps not so (9) ____ professional criminals, as hard-up young people who need a few pounds and some excitement. (10) ____ that this makes having your house turned upside down and your favourite things stolen any easier to (11) ____.
In most cases, the police have no luck (12) ____ any of the stolen goods. Unless there is any definite (13) ____, they are probably unable to do anything at all. And alarms or special locks don't seem to help either. The only advice my friends could (14) ____ was 'Never live on the ground floor' and 'Keep two or three very fierce dogs', which reminded me of a case I read about, where the burglars� (15) ____ included the family�s pet poodle.
| 1 | A) been | B) having | C) being | D) out |
| 2 | A) robbed | B) broken | C) taken | D) entered |
| 3 | A) none | B) some | C) all | D) few |
| 4 | A) burglary | B) item | C) one | D) invariably |
| 5 | A) carrying | B) robbing | C) example | D) theft |
| 6 | A) information | B)fact | C) idea | D) knowledge |
| 7 | A) where | B) how | C) what | D) whatever |
| 8 | A) matter | B) price | C) event | D) one |
| 9 | A) many | B) much | C) that | D) rarely |
| 10 | A) Given | B) So | C) Not | D) Despite |
| 11 | A) believe | B) accept | C) do | D) attempt |
| 12 | A) taking | B) about | C) tracking | D) recovering |
| 13 | A) case | B) burglary | C) investigation | D) evidence |
| 14 | A) come up with | B) get by with | C) bring up with | D) put in with |
| 15 | A) takings | B) profit | C) loot | D) receipts |
8 For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which word A, B, C or D best fits each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).
KEEPING YOUR CAR SAFE
Apart from your home, your car is probably your most (0) B possession. It's also your most vulnerable. Car and cassette and radio (1) ____ make up over a quarter of all recorded crime.
Together they (2) ____ everyone a lot of money. It takes up police time to deal with these offences, taking criminals through the (3) ____ is expensive and, of course, motorists end up paying higher insurance premiums.
Over 460,000 cars are reported (4) ____ in Britain each year and many are never found again. Many of those which are found have been (5) ____ by thieves. A (6) ____ car is also far more likely to be involved in an accident than the same car driven by its (7) ____; car thieves are often young and sometimes drunk.
Yet car crime can be cut drastically if motorists follow a few simple (8) ____ to keep thieves out of their cars in the first place. Most car thieves are unskilled (9) ____ and many are under twenty. So make your own car a less inviting target, to (10) ____ thieves from trying.
Lock your car every time you leave it even for a (11) ____ minutes. (12) ____ one car in every five is left unlocked. Don't leave valuables on (13) ____ inside or briefcases or even coats which a thief might think (14) ____ money. If you cannot take valuables with you, lock them in the boot out of sight. (15) ____ having a car alarm fitted.
| 0 | A) rich | B) valuable | C) worthy | D) wealthy |
| 1 | A) robberies | B) steals | C) thefts | D) hijacks |
| 2 | A) cost | B) spend | C) pay | D) charge |
| 3 | A) judgements | B) judges | C) courts | D) juries |
| 4 | A) disappeared | B) lost | C) gone | D) missing |
| 5 | A) injured | B) hurt | C) damaged | D) harmed |
| 6 | A) robbed | B) stolen | C) taken | D) lifted |
| 7 | A) owner | B) holder | C) master | D) landlord |
| 8 | A) announcements | B) rules | C) laws | D) warnings |
| 9 | A) kidnappers | B) criminals | C) burglars | D) hijackers |
| 10 | A) put off | B) put on | C) put by | D) put up |
| 11 | A) little | B) bit | C) few | D) five |
| 12 | A) Foolishly | B) Pleasingly | C) Excitingly | D) astonishingly |
| 13 | A) display | B) vision | C) sight | D) spectacle |
| 14 | A) have | B) contain | C) enclose | D) include |
| 15 | A) Think | B) Consider | C) Estimate | D) Calculate |
9 For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of one word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. There is an example (0) at the beginning.
GOING MISSING
Every year police forces across Europe deal (0) WITH hundreds of thousands of cases of missing people. Occasionally, the circumstances surrounding the disappearance lead police (1) ____ organise highly publicised manhunts. More frequently however, the families of missing people (2) _____ told that the person concerned will soon return of their own accord.
For this reason, the British missing persons bureau at Scotland Yard in London is notified by local police forces of people (3) ____ have gone missing only (4) ____ they have failed to turn (5) ____ after 28 days. However, the bureau does act with more urgency when people who are regarded (6) ____ vulnerable are involved: these include people below the age of 18 or over 65, people who have disappeared (7) ____ mysterious circumstances and people who are outside their country of residence when they go missing.
In (8) ____ cases, a search is started immediately. The vast majority of missing people do actually return home within hours, days or weeks, but when the disappearance occurs far (9) ____ home, the sense of hopelessness is total. It seems that most local police forces do not (10) ____ the time to do the necessary background investigations into these cases, (11) ____ as co-operating with other national forces abroad, or with Interpol, or running checklists on (12) ____ who saw the person last. As more and (13) ____ people travel abroad or choose to live in (14) ____ countries, the need (15) ____ international co-operation in missing persons' cases becomes more pressing.
10 Complete each part sentence a) to j) with one of the endings 1) to 10). Use each ending once only.
| a) I decided to buy a burglar alarm after someone broke b) When Alan was stopped outside the supermarket he ended c) As it was Sheila's first offence she was let d) After climbing over the prison wall, Peter managed to get e) The old couple who live opposite were taken f) At the end of the trial Hilary was found g) My neighbours admitted denting my car but got away h) The bank at the end of the street was held i) Nobody saw Jack cheating and he got away with j) The hijackers took fifteen people | 1) in by a salesman who cheated them out of their money. 2) away by stealing a car parked nearby. 3) up at the police station, charged with shoplifting. 4) it, although everyone suspected what had happened. 5) into my house and stole my stereo. 6) off with only a warning. 7) with paying only £50 damages. 8) hostage and demanded £1,000,000 from the authorities. 9) guilty and sentenced to six months in prison. 10) up by two masked men last week. |
11 Match the sentences on the left with the most suitable response on the right. Use the words and expressions in bold to help you. There is an example at the beginning (0).
e. g. Is shoplifting illegal? - Yes. It is against the law.
� There was a burglary last night. - Fit a burglar alarm in the house.
� There was a robbery last night. - No, he got away.
� How can you make sure nobody - Somebody stole over £20,000 from
takes your valuables when you are a bank on the High Street.
staying in a hotel?
� I carry a gun so that I can protect - Put them in a safe.
myself.
� What's the best way to protect your - Somebody broke into the house
property? opposite mine.
� What's the best way to prevent - No, but I always lock the door and
pickpockets taking your cash leave the lights on when I go
when you're travelling? out.
� Is your home well-protected? - No, we no longer execute people.
� Did he admit he was guilty? - No, they don't carry guns.
� Do you have capital punishment - Well, make sure you only use it in
in your country? self-defence.
� Are the police in your country armed? - No, he said he was innocent.
� Was the thief caught? - Wear a money belt.
12 QUIZ. This is a quiz on some points of law - English style. The answers may well be different in your country. Simply answer the questions Yes or No. Explain the meaning of the words and word-combinations in bold type.
1 Is it a crime to try and kill yourself?
2 Is it illegal to help somebody to commit suicide?
3 Can you be executed for murdering a policeman?
4 If, after a murder, all the victim's relatives plead: 'Please don't prosecute!' can charges against the suspected culprit be dropped?
5 If two armed thieves break into a house, guns in hand, and one of them shoots and kills the house-owner, is his accomplice guilty of murder?
6 If I surprise an intruder in my lounge at night stealing my millions, have I a legal right to assault him with a weapon?
7 If I set a trap - a fifty-kilo weight just above the front door - for any burglars who might try and enter the house, am I breaking the law?
8 After a divorce or legal separation, can a wife be required to pay alimony to her ex-husband?
9 If I promise to marry my girlfriend and then change my mind shortly before the wedding, can she take me to court?
10 If you said to your teacher in the middle of one of his lessons: �You don't know the first thing about teaching!� could he bring a civil action against you?
11 Would I be in danger of committing an offence if I put an advertisement for my school in the paper saying: �Male white teacher required�?
12 If, as a defendant (or the accused), I am not satisfied with the way my barrister has handled my defence, can I sue him?
13 If you were in my house - uninvited - and the ceiling, which had had a large crack in it for some time, caved in and broke your leg, would it be a good idea to consult your solicitor?
14 Can a person suspected of and charged with rape be allowed bail?
13 iscuss with your partner which of the solutions 1) to 10) suits each problem a) to j) or offer your own one(s).
| Problems | The authorities should: |
| a) high unemployment b) homelessness c) drug addiction d) football hooliganism e) road accidents f) deaths from smoking g) petty crime h) accidents in the home i) shoplifting j) vandalism of public property | 1) introduce tougher measures to control crowds. 2) reduce speed limits. 3) retrain anyone made redundant. 4) encourage retailers to use closed-circuit TV. 5) clamp down on traffickers and dealers. 6) increase the number of local foot patrols. 7) provide more hostels and cheap accommodation. 8) mount a campaign to educate parents and children. 9) raise taxes to discourage people from doing this. 10) make the culprits repair the damage they cause. |
PART FOUR
PRACTISE YOUR LISTENING SKILLS
SECTION 1
1.1 Listen to this news programme from Radio Cambridgeshire. There are three news items. Complete the following tasks:
1) In which order do you hear the news items? Put a number in the spaces.
A rally against cuts in spending on hospitals. ___
A kidnapping in England. ___
A kidnapping in Ireland. ___
2) Match the names and the descriptions.
1 John Cannon the victim of an attempted kidnapping from Bristol.
2 Julia Holman an Irish criminal.
3 Dessie O'Hare an Irish dentist.
4 John O'Grady a thief from Bristol.
3) In which news items (1, 2 or 3) do you hear these names?
1 Addenbrooks 2 Cambridge 3 John O'Grady 4 Tipperary
5 Dessie O'Hare 6 John Cannon 7 Bristol 8 Julia Holman
1.2 Vocabulary. Work in groups. Listen for the words in your list. In which news item (1,2 or 3) do you hear them? Now talk to students in the two other groups and complete the other lists. What do the words mean? Discuss them with another student and write a translation.
| Group A charged magistrates trace staff cuts hampered implemented | Group B in charge of attempted robbery released theft remanded patients | Group C waiting lists assault highlight recaptured arrested alleged |
SECTION 2
2.1 Fill in the table individually.
| What would you do if you saw: | Run away | Call the police | Try to stop them | Ignore it | Other (please specify) |
| Three men attacking a foreigner on a busy train. | | | | | |
| Someone stealing a TV from a parked car during the day. | | | | | |
| People trying to steal a car within 50m of a policeman. | | | | | |
In small groups, discuss what other students have written. Can you make any general statements about what your group would do?
2.2 Listen to a report which tells us about two experiments. They looked at what people actually did in situations similar to the ones you discussed in 2.1. Some of these statements are about the experiments in Paris. The others are about the experiments in New York. Write P next to the things which happened in Paris and NY next to the things which happened in New York.
1 The experimenters filmed what people did.
2 The experiment used students.
3 The experiment used actors.
4 People were 'attacked' in public.
5 The experiment looked at car thefts.
6 Most passengers pretended not to notice.
7 The experiment took place in the streets.
2.3 Look at these questions before listening to the tape again.
1 How many people watched the thefts in New York?
2 How many people tried to stop the student robbers?
3 How many people tried to help the student robbers?
4 What did some of the people do?
5 Do these results surprise you? Why? Why not?
2.4 The speaker asks some general questions about the studies. What are they? In small groups, make a list of as many of the questions as you can remember. Use them to start a discussion of the report you have heard.
SECTION 3
3.1 Listen to the recording and answer the questions below.
1. What sort of people usually commit crimes, according to Robert Reiner, Professor of Criminology at the London School of Economics?
2. What are the most common types of offences?
3. How does Duncan Campbell explain a dramatic increase in crime since the mid-70s? Comment on his statement that 'the 80s saw an elevation of possession as the most important thing;... possession became an end in itself.'
4. What should people report to the police or to the neighbourhood watch coordinator?
5. Charlie Richardson had very different jobs before and after he went to jail. What made Duncan Campbell realise crime exists on every social level?
6. What is the main growth area in crime at the moment?
7. Why does crime operate internationally? Which countries and areas are mentioned?
3.2 Discuss the following statements.
� Crime is international.
� Crime is only detected among the less well-off members of society.
� Crime exists on every social level.
� Economic recession contributes to the rise in crime.
� In the UK people are encouraged to be more conscious of security.
SECTION 4
GRAMMAR THROUGH STORIES
4.1 Listen to the tape for the first time and explain the meaning of the following numbers mentioned in the story.
1) 2 2) 4 3) 4 4) 6 5) 33 6) 77 7) 44,000.
4.2 Listen to the tape for the second time, arrange the key words and phrases given below in the order you hear them in the text and summarize the story using those as an outline.
| was indicted for murder | drank at a bar | rate of car accidents | was found guilty | drove off | die on the highways |
| was sentenced | ran through a stop sign | arrested for drunk driving | crashed into another car | drunk drivers | stricter laws have been passed |
| had his driver�s license suspended | passengers were killed | while driving intoxicated | license has been revoked | brought to court | a murderer in the eyes of the law |
4.3 Read the following story. Circle the correct answers. Explain your choices.
The United States has one of the lowest (rate, rates) of car accidents in the world. Yet, every year about (44,000, 44.000) people (die, died, are dying) on the highways in (cars, car) accidents in the United States. Half of (this, these) (dead, deads, deaths) are (causing, cause, caused) by (drunk, drunks) drivers. Because of this, (strictest, stricter, more strict) laws (are passed, are passing, have been passed) recently. California has one of the (most strict, strictest) laws. This law states that if you kill someone while you are driving (intoxicate, intoxicated), you will (consider, be considered, be consider) a (mur der, murderer) in the eyes of the law. This is a story about what happened to (a, the, -) thirty - (years, year) - old man in California.
One afternoon this man (drinks, drank, drunk, drunken) four bottles of beer at (a, the, -) bar. After (to finish, finished, finishing) his drinks, he got (into, onto, on) his car and (drive, drove) (of, off). He was speeding. He (run, ran) (through, into, at) a stop sign and crashed (through, into, to, at) another car (crossed, crossing, cross) the intersection. He didn't have enough time (to stop, for stopping). The car that was (strike, struck, stricken) was (been, being) driven by a mother; inside were her four children. All of the passengers (was killed, were kill, were killed). However, the drunk driver (didn't injure, wasn't injured) at all. When (a, the, -) police (was, were, -) arrived, (he, they) arrested the driver and (bringing, brought) him to court. There he was (indict, indicted) for murder. After a (two-months, month) trial, he was (found, find, founded) guilty of murder. He was (sentence, sentenced) to seventy-seven years in prison. While some (feel, fell, feels) his sentence was (justify, justified, justifying), others feel he was (sentence, sentencing, sentenced) (to, too) harshly because he had not planned the accident. However, those (in, on) favor of the sentence said this was not (the, -) first time he (has been, had been, was) arrested for drunk driving. (The last, Last) time he had his (driver, driver's) license (suspending, suspend, suspended) for six (months, month). This time his license has been (revoke, revoking, revoked) for life.
4.4 Discuss the following questions with group members.
1 What would have happened to the thirty-year-old drunk driver if he had had the accident in your country? Would his license have been revoked or suspended? Would he have been arrested? Would he have been given a heavy or light sentence? Would he have been looked down upon by society? Use passive voice in your answer.
2 How should the thirty-year-old driver have been sentenced? Explain why. Use passive voice in your answer.
3 Have you or anyone you know ever been in a car accident? Was your car damaged? Were you injured? Was anybody else hurt? Were you fined? Were you arrested? Was there any other property damage? Was your license taken away? Explain what happened.
4 In Maine, a passenger who allowed a drunken person to drive his truck was convicted as an accomplice to the crime of driving under the influence of alcohol. What do you think of this ruling?
5 In Florida, a mother won an $800,000 suit against an employer who allowed her son to drive home after serving him alcohol at a business social gathering. He died in a car accident. What do you think of this ruling?
4.5 Listen to the text �THE POLICE COMMISSIONER'S ADVICE� for the first time and answer the following questions:
1. How many characters are mentioned in the story?
2. What was the problem of the main character?
3. How many pieces of advice did the other characters give him?
4. Why did the main character refuse some of the advice?
5. Why did he accept some other pieces of advice?
6. What was the big surprise about?
7. What was the last thing the main character did in the story?
4.6 Listen to the text for the second time and mark the statements as True or False according to the text.
1. A psychologist was very tired of having his car hijacked every month.
2. To have a broken part replaced would typically cost him a hundred dollars.
3. The repairman recommended that he never leave his car on the street.
4. The psychologist read a feature in a magazine about car vandalism.
5. The author of the advice wrote that since he started this method, he hadn't had his car broken into.
6. An unexpected thing happened a few days after trying this new method.
8. Three things had been wrong when the psychologist went downstairs to leave for work.
9. The strange sound he heard was the snoring of a bearded man.
10. The psychologist was taken aback and didn't know what to do.
11. The homeless man suggested that the psychologist hire him to watch his car so that nobody would steal it.
4.7 Write your idea on fighting crime in fifty words or less. Students will vote on which suggestion is best. Try using causative verbs in your response.
| Got an idea? Send it to us You can help make New York a safer place. Join the Daily News Crimefighter campaign. Send us your idea on fighting crime. Every day, we'll award $25 for the best crimefighting suggestion. Maybe your tip will help save a life, prevent a burglary, foil a stickup or avoid an in�jury. Please do not telephone. Write your idea in 50 words or less. Mail it to: CRIMEFIGHTER P. O. Box 1481 Grand Central Station New York, N. Y. 10017 | TODAY'S WINNER Fran Aiello Queens The Idea Burglars don't like to enter homes while the occupants are inside. So if you leave your home, make it appear someone is there. Keep a rug or some towels on the clothesline at all times. Source: (N. Y.) Daily News. |
4.8 Discuss the following questions with group members:
1. Is there a problem of vandalism in your country or where you live? If so, describe the situation. How can you make people respect other people�s property?
2. What do you suggest that the psychologist do to prevent vandalism to his car?
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